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Showing posts from June, 2021

Enlarged liver, spleen and anemia in children: differential diagnosis

"Curiosity is a willing, a proud and eager confession of ignorance" Following are few causes of enlarged liver and spleen with anemia: Hepatosplenomegaly (HSM) with Anemia Etiology Pointers Investigation Chronic Malaria High fever +- chills/rigor endemic region Malaria QBC test Kala-azar fever jaundice skin discoloration  RK-39 antigen test PCR testing Bone marrow TORCH microcephaly cataract, retinitis deafness heart defect TORCH screen Leukemia short history compared to hemolytic anemia Sick child Severe pallor Hx of bleeding manifestations Generalised lymphadenopathy Bone tenderness Proptosis dt chloroma gum hypertrophy Mediastinal syndrome Peripheral smear Hemolytic anemia: Thalassemia major Sickle cell anemia G6PD deficiency Hereditary spherocytosis Consanguinity (Thal and SCA) Hx of blood transfusion  Hx of aplastic crisis or vaso-occlusive crisis No bleeding manifestations Cooliey’s facies Short stature mild unconjugated hyperbil Peripheral smear:normoblast, microcytic ...